Geographical information systems officer

Geographical information systems (GIS) officers capture and analyse a range of geographical data using GIS systems in order to help organisations make long-term plans

GIS systems are computerised systems used to capture, store, analyse, manipulate and present a range of complex geographical and spatial data. Data can come in a range of formats including cartographic, photographic, digital (for example, from satellites) and remote sensing, or in tables and spreadsheets.

Using GIS technology, you'll overlay all these types of data into one map, manipulating it so that all the sources have the same scales and allowing complex readings to be taken from the map.

Job titles vary and can include GIS analyst or technician, GIS consultant, GIS data manager, GIS developer or remote sensing analyst.

Types of information captured with GIS technology

GIS technology can use any information that includes a location, allowing you to compare and contrast a range of information, including:

• the location of rivers, roads or power lines
• the position of streets and buildings
• information about soil type and vegetation
• data on people, population distribution, education and income.

By studying this information using a range of specialist computer applications, you'll analyse patterns and better understand relationships and the implications of proposed developments and changes.

This data is increasingly being used in almost every industry, for example, meteorology, space agencies, environmental conservation, health, construction, telecommunications, energy, transport and retail.

Responsibilities

As a GIS officer, you'll need to:

• work on projects, scoping out the nature and purpose of the information required by clients
• capture, store, analyse and present geographical and spatial information
• use a range of GPS tools in the field to capture the location of 'assets' such as bridges, street lights, road barriers and flood defences
• undertake desk-based data capture (digitising) to convert paper maps to GIS datasets to, for example, record the location of telecoms cables or water pipelines from original maps
• create and maintain the structures necessary for GIS data storage
• develop tools for loading/transferring GIS data between different systems
• manipulate, analyse and present geographical information by creating programs to convert GIS information from one format to another
• develop internet apps to present GIS data and tools on corporate websites
• analyse data to map changes in terrain, flood risks and weather patterns
• use tools to join together different GIS datasets and create new information or investigate patterns, e.g. estimating the number of people potentially affected by flooding, using population growth figures and planning information to estimate increasing/decreasing demand for school capacity or calculating the number of potential customers for a new supermarket and predicting buying patterns based on socio-economic factors.

Salary

• Starting salaries for GIS graduate consultants typically range from £24,000 to £28,000.
• Team leaders can earn from £32,000 to £40,000, and GIS analysts typically earn £45,000 to £50,000.
• Salaries for senior level roles, such as project manager, can reach in excess of £50,000.

Salaries vary depending on your qualifications and experience, location and the sector you work in.

Income figures are intended as a guide only.

Working hours

A typical working day is usually 9am to 5pm, although you may need to work extra hours to meet project deadlines. Field work may involve long and irregular hours.

Many roles offer remote and hybrid working.

What to expect

At a junior level, you're likely to take on detailed, desk-based work, but may also spend a lot of time liaising with colleagues and contacts outside the organisation.

Some roles involve significant amounts of fieldwork for data capture or data validation.

Travel within a working day depends on the amount of client and customer liaison work you have. You may need to spend time away from home overnight.

With experience, you may manage multidisciplinary teams, where members have very different skills and experience.

There are some opportunities to take on overseas contracts, once you've gained enough experience, particularly in the private/consultancy sector. Locations include Australia, Canada, Europe and the USA.

Qualifications

The most common route into the profession is with a degree or postgraduate qualification in a relevant subject such as:

• computer sciences
• environment and sustainability
• geographical information systems
• geography
• maths or statistics
• software engineering
• surveying
• urban planning.

Applicants with extensive relevant work-based experience may also be accepted.

It may be helpful to have some knowledge or experience of the sector you're applying to, e.g. civil engineering, conservation or healthcare. Specific entry requirements vary between employers, so check job adverts to find out what they're looking for in terms of qualifications and skills.

Introductory courses for those with no knowledge of GIS systems are run by a number of organisations. See The Association for Geographic Information (AGI) for details.

Employers may favour candidates with a relevant postgraduate qualification (for example GIS or remote sensing). Further study is particularly useful if you want to progress into a management position in the future. Some employers may encourage you to get a postgraduate qualification alongside your work.

Search postgraduate courses in GIS.

Skills

You'll need to have:

• strong written and oral communication skills
• IT skills, including the use and manipulation of complex databases and spreadsheets
• knowledge of specialised software packages such as ArcGIS or ESRI
• numerical skills with the ability to analyse data and statistics
• the ability to translate client requirements into working solutions
• familiarity with Ordnance Survey mapping and digitising techniques
• presentation skills
• project management skills
• self-motivation and a proactive attitude to work
• attention to detail
• teamworking skills and the ability to work independently
• the ability to work well under pressure.

Knowledge of coding may also be useful.

Work experience

Competition for GIS roles can be fierce, so having work experience, as well as a relevant qualification, can provide you with an advantage. Make use of sandwich-year placements to develop your practical skills and to make contacts within the industry or look for vacation placements and other forms of work experience.

Approach your local council, environment agency or nature organisation to ask about doing some voluntary work and see if you can shadow a GIS officer to find out more about the role.

Organisations such as the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) (RGS-IBG) and The Association for Geographic Information (AGI) also offer student memberships, which allow you to access careers webinars and information sessions, which can be a great way to gain exposure to the sector.

Find out more about the different kinds of work experience and internships that are available.

Employers

GIS officers work across the public, private and voluntary sectors, for a range of organisations requiring physical, environmental or social information.

For example, this could be the location of properties, quality of land, placement of utility cables, or the density of population and anticipated social and healthcare needs of that population.

Demand for GIS skills is growing across all sectors.

Typical employers include:

• government departments, e.g. town planning, facilities management, healthcare planning
• research organisations
• utility companies, such as gas, electricity and water
• architecture, construction and engineering firms
• telecommunications companies
• retail organisations, including financial and leisure services
• environmental consultancies
• insurance or risk management companies
• police authorities and emergency services, including all the motor vehicle rescue services and the armed forces
• market research groups and advertising agencies
• private healthcare companies
• non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
• space agencies.

You can also work for a GIS consultancy, which tend to specialise in one or more specific areas such as natural resources and the environment, military, utilities, oil and gas, or property.

Look for job vacancies at:

• GIS-JOBS.co.uk
• LG Jobs - for jobs with local authorities
• Jobs.ac.uk - for research and lecturing jobs in higher education
• RGS-IBG Finding Jobs in Geography
• Environment Job

You can also find vacancies by using LinkedIn. Members of The Association for Geographic Information (AGI) can also access job vacancies from its website.

Recruitment agencies such as Kinect, Open Spaces and Penguin Recruitment specialise in GIS jobs.

Professional development

Most of your training will take place on the job, although some large employers may provide in-house training. Software developers who introduce new programs for GIS provide training in the use of these packages.

Further training in programming, communication and project management, or training in the knowledge of specific sectors, may also be helpful. You'll need to be prepared to acquire whatever skills are needed as the work develops.

Memberships of relevant bodies such as The Association for Geographic Information (AGI) and the Royal Geographical Society with the Institute of British Geographers (RGS-IBG) can also help with professional development. For example, the AGI runs a continuing professional development (CPD) scheme to help members develop and record their learning and professional skills over time. They also advertise a range of CPD courses.

Student membership of the above bodies offers access to events, volunteering and opportunities to network whilst you are still at university and during your early career.

With experience, you may become eligible for chartered geographer status (CGeog) with the RGS-IBG and the use of the post-nominal CGeog (GIS). For full details of eligibility criteria, see RGS-IBG: Chartered Geographer. The AGI does not offer accreditation, but it supports the CGeog (GIS) and works with RGS-IBG to ensure that the AGI CPD scheme supports your application.

Career prospects

As there's no typical route for career development, career progression can depend on where you start. Teams are often made up of a range of professionals including cartographers, computer programmers, data analysts, information officers/managers and project managers. You may be able to progress on to team leader, project manager and then to overall GIS manager, although there are other possibilities.

With so many areas to choose from, successful career development depends on clarifying your own interests early on. You could choose to focus on one of the following areas:

• applications development
• information management within the public or commercial sectors
• sales and marketing
• spatial analysis.

You could also combine a career in GIS with other interests. There are also opportunities to move into research or work in higher education as a lecturer.

Once you've gained experience, you may decide to work freelance or set up your own consultancy business.