Environmental health practitioner

Environmental health practitioners use their scientific and technical ability to ensure people can live, work and play in safe, healthy environments

As an environmental health practitioner (EHP), you'll develop, implement and enforce health policies using specialist technical skills and knowledge to maintain and safeguard standards relating to people's health and wellbeing.

Depending on your employer, your role may involve close liaison with officers from council departments, as well as with the Health and Safety Executive (HSE).

Alternative job titles include officer, specialist, adviser, educator, consultant, manager or enforcement officer.

Types of environmental health practitioner

You may work in many areas of the industry, or choose to specialise in one particular area, such as:

• environmental protection
• food safety and food standards
• health within the armed services
• housing
• noise control
• occupational health and safety
• pollution control
• public health
• waste management.

For an overview of work activities in the different specialist roles, see the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health (CIEH).

Responsibilities

As an environmental health practitioner, you'll need to:

• carry out routine or unplanned visits and inspections to ensure compliance with health and safety legislation and take action to improve conditions
• provide advice and assistance to householders and businesses
• take photos, produce drawings, remove samples and conduct interviews as part of the inspection process
• investigate complaints from the general public
• carry out food hygiene and food standards inspections
• investigate accidents at work and complaints about poor standards of health and safety, identifying any areas of negligence
• investigate outbreaks of infectious disease and prevent it spreading any further
• take water samples to maintain and improve standards in public swimming and bathing areas as well as private water supplies
• monitor radiation activity and take action when safety levels have been exceeded
• ensure the health and welfare of animal livestock on farms and other premises, as well as during transportation
• issue licences for pet shops and other animal-related businesses
• advise on planning and licensing applications
• monitor levels of noise, air, land, and water pollution
• give talks at public enquiries, meetings and exhibitions and ensure compliance through education, advice and enforcement
• take enforcement action, initiate legal proceedings, prepare and give evidence in court
• advise on health and safety issues in relation to new buildings and developments
• arrange for the removal of abandoned vehicles and refuse.

Salary

• Typical starting salaries range between £25,000 and £40,000.
• Senior or managerial level salaries, usually after ten to 15 years in the role, fall between £38,000 and £60,000.
• Higher salaries may be possible in more advanced posts, such as head of department.

Salaries vary between local authorities and according to the specific role and area of work. Some authorities have performance-related pay schemes. You may earn more working in a private company, than in the public sector.

Income figures are intended as a guide only.

Working hours

You'll usually work 9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday. However, given the nature of the job, evening or weekend work may be necessary at times.

Local authorities will generally offer flexible working opportunities, including part-time work, job share, reduced or compressed hours and working from home.

What to expect

• Working conditions may occasionally be dirty and unpleasant, such as when inspecting unclean or unsafe buildings, and site visits can be conducted in all weathers.
• The work is diverse and varied. In some cases, work may be stressful and confrontational, sometimes requiring police help, especially when enforcing regulations.
• You'll be expected to dress smartly, although it may be necessary to wear protective clothing on some sites.
• Opportunities exist throughout the UK, in most large towns and cities. Overseas work or travel is uncommon, although there are opportunities for EHPs to find employment abroad.
• Travel within the working day is the norm, although absence from home overnight is uncommon.

Qualifications

To become a qualified EHP, you must obtain an honours degree or Masters in environmental health from a university accredited by the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health (CIEH) (England, Wales and Northern Ireland) or The Royal Environmental Health Institute of Scotland (REHIS) (Scotland).

Accredited courses are available in full-time, part-time or integrated/sandwich formats, and will provide you with broad training across all the areas of environmental health. After graduating, you'll go on to complete a placement and a portfolio, before becoming a fully qualified EHP.

If you've completed an accredited foundation degree programme, you may be able to top up to an accredited BSc degree.

If you have at least a second-class honours degree in another subject, or equivalent qualifications and experience, you may be able to enrol on an accredited postgraduate MSc course. To do this, you'll usually need a degree in a science-based discipline, or a subject closely related to environmental health.

For a list of courses, search postgraduate courses in environmental health.

Alternatively, you can qualify as an EHP by taking a four-year degree apprenticeship (England only). This Level 6 apprenticeship combines study for a BSc Environmental Health Practitioner with paid work, allowing you to train on the job. Find an apprenticeship.

Without a degree, it may be possible to work as an environmental health technician while studying part time for a degree in environmental health. Alternatively, you could take a two-year entry-level Regulatory Compliance Officer Apprenticeship (Level 4), which can be tailored to environmental health.

The CIEH has more information about environmental health apprenticeships.

Skills

You'll need to show evidence of the following:

• excellent written and oral communication skills
• confidence in dealing with the public
• good report-writing skills
• a strong scientific ability and technical understanding
• the ability to be assertive, diplomatic and sensitive to other people's views
• good decision-making skills
• the ability to work independently and as a member of a team
• a methodical, careful approach to gathering facts and assessing evidence
• the ability to work to tight deadlines and under pressure
• good time-management and organisational skills, including being able to manage your own workload well
• self-motivation
• a flexible approach to work
• IT skills
• a full UK driving licence - required for most positions.

Work experience

Pre-entry work experience is useful as it can provide you with an insight into the profession, as well as helping to secure training placement opportunities.

Local authorities may offer short periods of work experience and you may be able to work shadow an experienced practitioner to find out more about the profession.

Find out more about the different kinds of work experience and internships that are available.

Employers

You can find work as an environmental health practitioner with the following employers:

• local authorities - these are major employers of environmental health practitioners, as they are responsible for public health, housing conditions, food safety, environmental protection and health and safety at work
• central government and its agencies - such as the Environment Agency (EA), Food Standards Agency, Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA)
• NHS
• supermarkets
• the Armed Forces
• holiday companies (checking the standards of foreign hotels and resorts)
• private consultancies - for experienced EHPs.

Accredited BSc and MSc courses are accepted worldwide, and opportunities are available with organisations such as the European Commission and in countries such as the USA, New Zealand, Australia and Canada. There are also opportunities in the developing world where EHPs work to ensure the sustainable development of communities.

Look for job vacancies at:

• EHN Jobs
• jobsgopublic
• Local Government Jobs
• myjobscotland - local government jobs in Scotland
• NHS Careers
• NIJOBS.com - environmental health jobs in Northern Ireland.

The armed forces offer a range of EHP opportunities:

• RAF - environmental health technician
• Royal Army Medical Corps - environmental health officer or technician
• Royal Navy - environmental health officer.

Recruitment agencies such as Osborne Richardson also handle EHP vacancies.

Professional development

After completing the academic study and practical training of your degree, you'll then start the registration process and go on to do a placement and build a portfolio, covering all the five areas of environmental health.

The practical training element can be undertaken through a formal training placement with a local authority or by gaining experience from several relevant organisations.

The portfolio is based upon practical learning and reflective practice and requires candidates to undertake a range of interventions, develop a variety of skills and reflect upon their experiences. The following specialist areas are covered:

• noise and environmental pollution
• food safety and hygiene
• workplace (occupational) health
• housing standards
• public health.

In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, courses must be accredited by CIEH. Upon successful completion, you will be added to the CIEH register of qualified environmental health practitioners.

In Scotland, the REHIS is the accrediting body for environmental health practitioners. You'll be awarded the REHIS Diploma in Environmental Health, the qualification required to become an environmental health officer.

In Ireland, career and training information can be obtained from the Environmental Health Association of Ireland.

Continuing professional development (CPD) is required to maintain professional status. All practising CIEH members must undertake a set requirement of CPD hours per year, which involves attendance at courses, seminars and conferences, where other relevant skills, such as management training, may also be developed.

Career prospects

There are many opportunities for career development, especially within local authorities that have large environmental health departments, with well-established promotion routes to more senior posts.

Gaining chartered status and undertaking agreed levels of continuing professional development (CPD) will enable progression to more senior posts.

Other prospects include becoming the head of a much larger department, employing other built environment professionals, and switching between local authorities and the private sector to gain broader experience and seek more senior positions.

Lecturing and overseas work is also possible.